City information
Denver, Colorado.
Counties or equivalents associated with this area: Adams, Arapahoe, Denver, Jefferson.
Associated ZIP codes: 80201, 80202, 80203, 80204, 80205, 80206, 80207, 80208, 80209, 80210, 80211, 80212, 80214, 80215, 80216, 80217, 80218, 80219, 80220, 80221, 80222, 80223, 80224, 80225, 80226, 80227, 80228, 80229, 80230, 80231, 80232, 80233, 80234, 80235, 80236, 80237, 80238, 80239, 80243, 80244, 80246, 80247, 80248, 80249, 80250, 80256, 80257, 80259, 80260, 80261, 80263, 80264, 80265, 80266, 80271, 80273, 80274, 80281, 80290, 80291, 80293, 80294, 80299.
Local context
Apache, Ute, Cheyenne, Comanche and Arapaho people lived in the Denver area. The 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie recognized Cheyenne and Arapaho territory reaching from the North Platte to the Arkansas River, including the site of the future city. Gold was found in the Rockies in 1858, and in the summer of that year prospectors from Lawrence, Kansas, founded Montana City on the South Platte, which was soon abandoned in favor of Auraria and St. Charles City. On November 22, 1858, the land speculators William Larimer and Jonathan Cox staked a claim with cottonwood logs on the bluff where Cherry Creek meets the South Platte. Larimer named it Denver City for the Kansas territorial governor, James W. Denver, not knowing that Denver had already resigned. In May 1859 residents gave 53 lots to the Leavenworth & Pike's Peak Express to secure the first overland wagon route, cutting the trip west from twelve days to six.
On February 18, 1861, a few Cheyenne and Arapaho chiefs signed the Treaty of Fort Wise, giving up more than 90 percent of their land. Many Cheyenne said the treaty was not valid, and the dispute led to the Colorado War of 1864 and 1865 and the Sand Creek massacre. By the end of the 1860s the Native people had been removed from the Denver area.
Denver City was incorporated on November 7, 1861, shortened its name to Denver in 1866, and became the territorial capital on December 9, 1867. Colorado became a state on August 1, 1876, and an 1881 referendum made Denver the permanent capital.
Sources
Wikipedia: Denver